Overview
Breast reconstruction can be done with implants or with tissue transplanted from another part of the body. It can start at the same time as cancer surgery or can be planned later. The extent of the mastectomy, radiotherapy and other treatments, existing skin, general health, and the selection of areas where tissue can be removed affect the selection. More than one surgery or symmetry adjustment may be required. The shape, feel, and tactile sensation of the reconstruction may differ from the natural breast. During the meeting, the need for surgery on the opposite breast, the effects of the area from which tissue is taken, and the optionality of nipple repair are also discussed. Using an external prosthesis or not having reconstruction are also personal options.
What is evaluated?
- Evaluation of the oncological treatment plan, radiotherapy need and reconstruction timing among the teams.
- Examination of the condition of the breast skin, previous surgeries and areas where tissue can be taken.
- Discussion of implant preference, acceptance of additional scars, daily life needs and staged procedure expectations.
Approach and options
- Implant-based repair can be performed using a tissue expander first in some plans.
- Flap reconstruction with the person's own tissue from the abdomen or other regions may be considered.
- Options for delayed repair, external prosthesis, or no reconstruction can be discussed along with the individual's preference.
Recovery and follow-up
Healing varies depending on whether an implant or flap is used and the area from which tissue is removed. Dressing, drain and support garment care is explained; The action plan is arranged according to the scope of the surgery. When a flap is used, the circulation of the tissue is specifically monitored. Surgical controls are continued together with cancer treatment controls.
Risks and limits
- Circulation problem and partial or complete tissue loss in the flap tissue.
- Infection, capsule hardening or rupture if an implant is used.
- Scars, changes in sensation and functional complaints in the area where tissue was taken.
- Bleeding, wound healing problem or permanent asymmetry.
- Risks of additional surgeries and implant-related rare diseases depending on the method chosen.
The headings here do not cover all risks. Possible benefits, alternatives and personal risks should be discussed in detail during the examination.
You can ask in the consultation
- How do radiotherapy and other treatments affect the choice of method?
- What are the main differences for me between reconstruction with an implant and with my own tissue?
- How many stages are expected, and what effects could there be at the tissue donor site?
Resources
- ASPS – Breast reconstruction ↗
- ASPS – Reconstruction risks ↗
- ASPS – After reconstruction ↗
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS – Nipple repair options ↗
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS – Breast reconstruction and alternatives ↗
Access to sources: September 2026. The content has been prepared for general information purposes.